Pharmacology mnemonics for easy memorizing
PHARMACOLOGY
Hepatic necrosis: drugs causing focal
to massive necrosis 409]
"Very Angry Hepatocytes":
Valproic acid
Acetaminophen
Halothane
ABCD:
Alpha = Constrict.
Beta = Dilate.
BIAS:
Bretylium
Ibutilide
Amiodarone
Sotalol
Beta blockers with intrinsic
sympathomimetic activity 1534]
Picture diabetic and asthmatic kids
riding away on a cart that rolls on pinwheels.
Pindolol and Carteolol have
high and moderate ISA respectively, making them acceptable for use in some
David Shprecher Lake Erie College of
Osteopathic Medicine
Beta-blockers: main
contraindications, cautions 518]
ABCDE:
Asthma
Block (heart block)
COPD
Diabetes mellitus
Electrolyte (hyperkalemia)
Anonymous Contributor
Beta-blockers: nonselective
beta-blockers 1725]
"Tim Pinches His
Nasal Problem" (because he has a runny nose...):
Timolol
Pindolol
Hismolol
Naldolol
Propranolol
CAPTOPRIL:
Cough
Angioedema/ Agranulocystosis
Proteinuria/ Potassium
excess
Taste changes
Orthostatic hypotension
Pregnancy contraindication/ Pancreatitis/ Pressure
drop (first dose hypertension)
Renal failure (and renal artery
stenosis contraindication) / Rash
Indomethacin inhibition
Leukopenia/ Liver toxicity
Monitor Xa concentration,
rather than APTT.
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
(statins): side effects, contraindications, interactions 2025]
HMG-CoA:
_ Side effects:
Hepatotoxicity
Myositis [aka rhabdomyolysis ]
_ Contraindications:
Girl during pregnancy/ Growing
children
_ Interactions:
Coumarin/ Cyclosporine
Hypertension: treatment 2627]
ABCD:
ACE inhibitors/ AngII
antagonists (sometimes Alpha agonists also)
Beta blockers
Calcium antagonists
Diuretics
Patent ductus arteriosus:
treatment 1191]
"Come In and Close the
door":
INdomethacin is used to Close PDA.
"olol " is just two
backwards lower case b's.
Backward b's stand for "beta blocker".
_ Beta blockers include acebutolol,
betaxolol, bisoprolol, oxprenolol, propranolol.
USA:
Urokinase
Streptokinase
Alteplase (tPA )
Warfarin works on the extrinsic
pathway and is monitored by PT.
SLOW:
_ Has a slow onset
of action.
_ A quicK Vitamin K antagonist,
though.
Small lipid-soluble molecule
Liver: site of action
Oral route of administration.
Warfarin
DISCOS:
Digoxin
Isoniazid
Spironolactone
Cimetidine
Oestrogens
Stilboestrol
K+ increasing agents 2088]
K-BANK:
K-sparing diuretic
Beta blocker
ACEI
NSAID
K supplement
It inhibits PTU:
Peroxidase/ Peripheral
deiodination
Tyrosine iodination
Union (coupling)
Steroid side effects 1526]
CUSHINGOID:
Cataracts
Ulcers
Skin: striae, thinning, bruising
Hypertension/ Hirsutism/ Hyperglycemia
Infections
Necrosis, avascular necrosis of the
femoral head
Glycosuria
Osteoporosis, obesity
Immunosuppression
Diabetes
Steroids: side effects 483]
BECLOMETHASONE:
Buffalo hump
Easy bruising
Cataracts
Larger appetite
Obesity
Moonface
Euphoria
Thin arms & legs
Hypertension/ Hyperglycaemia
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Skin thinning
Osteoporosis
Negative nitrogen balance
Emotional liability
Lupus: drugs inducing it 530]
HIP:
Hydralazine
INH
Procanimide
Diuretics: thiazides :
indications 2091]
"CHIC to use
thiazides ":
CHF
Hypertension
Insipidous
Calcium calculi
NitroFurAntoin:
Neuropathy (peripheral neuropathy)
Fibrosis (pulmonary fibrosis)
Anemia (hemolytic anemia)
Osmotic diuretics: members 772]
GUM:
Glycerol
Urea
Mannitol
SIADH-inducing drugs 2086]
ABCD:
Analgesics: opioids, NSAIDs
Barbiturates
Cyclophosphamide/ Chlorpromazine/ Carbamazepine
Diuretic (thiazide )
Sulfonamide: major side effects 774]
_ Sulfonamide side
effects:
Steven-Johnson syndrome
Skin rash
Solubility low (causes crystalluria )
Serum albumin displaced (causes
newborn kernicterus and potentiation of other serum albumin-binders like
warfarin )
"-vir at start ,
middle or end means for virus":
_ Drugs: Abacavir, Acyclovir,
Amprenavir, Cidofovir, Denavir, Efavirenz, Indavir,
Invirase, Famvir, Ganciclovir, Norvir, Oseltamivir,
Penciclovir, Ritonavir,
Saquinavir, Valacyclovir, Viracept, Viramune,
Zanamivir, Zovirax.
4-Aminopyradine (4-AP) use 768]
"4-AP is For
AP":
For AP (action potential) propagation
in Multiple Sclerosis.
Anticholinergic side effects 1958]
"Know the ABCD'S of
anticholinergic side effects":
Anorexia
Blurry vision
Constipation/ Confusion
Dry Mouth
Sedation/ Stasis of urine
"Inhibits Parasympathetic And Sweat":
Ipratropium
Pirenzepine
Atropine
Scopolamine
_ Muscarinic receptors at all
parasympathetic endings sweat glands in sympathetic.
Aspirin: side effects 1349]
ASPIRIN:
Asthma
Salicyalism
Peptic ulcer disease/ Phosphorylation-oxidation
uncoupling/ PPH/ Platelet disaggregation / Premature
closure of PDA
Intestinal blood loss
Reye's syndrome
Idiosyncracy
Noise (tinnitus)
LOT:
Lorazepam
Oxazepam
Temazepam
"Ben is off with
the flu":
Benzodiazepine effects off with Flumazenil.
"I'm Overly Calm":
Isoniazid
Oral contraceptive pills
Cimetidine
_ These drugs increase calming effect
of BZDs by retarding metabolism.
Benzodiazepines: actions 464]
"Ben SCAMs Pam into
seduction not by brain but by muscle":
Sedation
anti-Convulsant
anti-Anxiety
Muscle relaxant
Not by brain: No antipsychotic
activity.
Beta 1 selective blockers 2148]
"BEAM ONE up,
Scotty":
Beta 1 blockers:
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metropolol
Botulism toxin: action, related
bungarotoxin 229]
Action: "Botulism Bottles
up the Ach so it can't be the released":
Related bungarotoxin: "Botulism
is related to Beta Bungarotoxin (beta-, not
alpha-bungarotoxin--alpha has different mechanism).
If you know these, you will be "LESS
DUMB":
Lacrimation
Excitation of nicotinic synapses
Salivation
Sweating
Diarrhea
Urination
Micturition
Bronchoconstriction
Delerium-causing drugs 617]
ACUTE CHANGE IN MS:
Antibiotics (biaxin, penicillin,
ciprofloxacin)
Cardiac drugs (digoxin, lidocaine )
Urinary incontinence drugs
(anticholinergics)
Theophylline
Ethanol
Corticosteroids
H2 blockers
Antiparkinsonian drugs
Narcotics (esp. mepridine)
Geriatric psychiatric drugs
ENT drugs
Insomnia drugs
NSAIDs (eg indomethacin, naproxin)
Muscle relaxants
Seizure medicines
Direct sympathomimetic
catecholamines 769]
DINED:
Dopamine
Isoproterenol
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dobutamine
Inhalation anesthetics 534]
SHINE:
Sevoflurane
Halothane
Isoflurane
Nitrous oxide
Enflurane
_ If want the defunct Methoxyflurane
too, make it MoonSHINE.
Ipratropium: action 231]
Atropine is buried in
the middle: iprAtropium, so it behaves like Atropine.
Lead poisoning: presentation 517]
ABCDEFG:
Anemia
Basophilic stripping
Colicky pain
Diarrhea
Encephalopathy
Foot drop
Gum (lead line)
Lithium: side effects 531]
LITH:
Leukocytosis
Insipidus [diabetes insipidus, tied to
polyuria]
Tremor/ Teratogenesis
Hypothyroidism
MAOIs: indications 2059]
MAOI'S:
Melancholic [classic name for atypical
depression]
Anxiety
Obesity disorders [anorexia, bulemia]
Imagined illnesses [hypochondria]
Social phobias
_ Listed in decreasing order of
importance.
_ Note MAOI is inside MelAnchOlIc.
Methyldopa: side effects 487]
METHYLDOPA:
Mental retardation
Electrolyte imbalance
Tolerance
Headache/ Hepatotoxicity
psYcological upset
Lactation in female
Dry mouth
Oedema
Parkinsonism
Anaemia (haemolytic)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors:
members 1186]
"PIT of
despair":
Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Tranylcypromine
_ A pit of despair, since MAOs treat
depression.
Morphine: effects 1174]
MORPHINES:
Miosis
Orthostatic hypotension
Respiratory depression
Pain supression
Histamine release/ Hormonal
alterations
Increased ICT
Nausea
Euphoria
Sedation
Morphine: effects at mu
receptor 1837]
PEAR:
Physical dependence
Euphoria
Analgesia
Respiratory depression
Narcotic antagonists 533]
The Narcotic Antagonists
are NAloxone and NAltrexone.
_ Important clinically to treat
narcotic overdose.
Parkinsonism: drugs 1812]
SALAD:
Selegiline
Anticholinenergics (trihexyphenidyl,
benzhexol, ophenadrine)
L-Dopa + peripheral decarboxylase
inhibitor (carbidopa, benserazide)
Amantadine
Dopamine postsynaptic receptor
agonists (bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide)
Phenytoin: adverse effects 1796]
PHENYTOIN:
P-450 interactions
Hirsutism
Enlarged gums
Nystagmus
Yellow-browning of skin
Teratogenicity
Osteomalacia
Interference with B12 metabolism
(hence anemia)
Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia,
headache
Physostigmine vs. neostigmine 1434]
LMNOP:
Lipid soluble
Miotic
Natural
Orally absorbed well
Physostigmine
_ Neostigmine, on the contrary, is:
Water soluble
Used in myesthenia gravis
Synthetic
Poor oral absorption
Pupils in overdose: morphine vs.
amphetamine 156]
"MorPHINE: Fine.
AmPHETamine: Fat":
Morphine overdose: pupils
constricted (fine).
Amphetamine overdose: pupils
dilated (fat).
Serotonin syndrome: components 2273]
Causes HARM:
Hyperthermia
Autonomic instability (delirium)
Rigidity
Myoclonus
Sodium valproate: side effects 493]
VALPROATE:
Vomiting
Alopecia
Liver toxicity
Pancreatitis/ Pancytopenia
Retention of fats (weight gain)
Oedema (peripheral oedema)
Appetite increase
Tremor
Enzyme inducer (liver)
SSRIs: side effects 532]
SSRI:
Serotonin syndrome
Stimulate CNS
Reproductive disfunctions in male
Insomnia
Succinylcholine: action, use 248]
Succinylcholine
gets Stuck to Ach receptor, then Sucks ions in
through open pore.
You Suck stuff in
through a mouth-tube, and drug is used for intubation.
Tricyclic antidepressants: members worth
knowing 2236]
"I have to hide, the CIA is
after me":
Clomipramine
Imipramine
Amitrptyline
_ If want the next 3 worth knowing,
the DNDis also after me:
Desipramine
Norrtriptyline
Doxepin
Tricyclic antidipressents (TCA): side
effects 2878]
TCA'S:
Thrombocytopenia
Cardiac (arrhymia, MI, stroke)
Anticholinergic (tachycardia, urinary
retention, etc)
Seizures
Vigabatrin: mechanism 1578]
Vi-GABA-Tr-In:
Via GABA Transferase Inhibition
Antibiotics contraindicated during
pregnancy 1250]
MCAT:
Metronidazole
Chloramphenicol
Aminoglycoside
Tetracycline
Busulfan: features 2198]
ABCDEF:
Alkylating agent
Bone marrow suppression s/e
CML indication
Dark skin (hyperpigmentation) s/e
Endrocrine insufficiency (adrenal) s/e
Fibrosis (pulmonary) s/e
Cancer drugs: time of action between
DNA->mRNA 2195]
ABCDEF:
Alkylating agents
Bleomycin
Cisplastin
Dactinomycin/ Doxorubicin
Etoposide
Flutamide and other steroids or their
antagonists (eg tamoxifen, leuprolide)
Etoposide: action, indications, side
effect 1193]
"eTOPoside":
_ Action:
Inhibits TOPoisomerase II
_ Indications:
Testicular carcinoma
Oat cell carcinoma of lung
Prostate carcinoma
_ Side effect:
Affects TOP of your
head, causing alopecia
Metabolism enzyme inducers 299]
"Randy's Black Car Goes Putt Putt
and Smokes":
Rifampin
Barbiturates
Carbamazepine
Grisoefulvin
Phenytoin
Phenobarb
Smoking cigarettes
Morphine: side-effects 2550]
MORPHINE:
Myosis
Out of it (sedation)
Respiratory depression
Pneumonia (aspiration)
Hypotension
Infrequency (constipation, urinary retention)
Nausea
Emesis
Therapeutic index: formula 2032]
TILE:
TI = LD50
/ ED50
Torsades de Pointes: drugs
causing 2269]
APACHE:
Amiodarone
Procainamide
Arsenium
Cisapride
Haloperidol
Eritromycin
Zero order kinetics drugs (most
common ones) 462]
"PEAZ (sounds like
pees) out a constant amount":
Phenytoin
Ethanol
Aspirin
Zero order
_ Someone that pees out a constant
amount describes zero order kinetics (always the same amount out)
Asthma drugs: leukotriene inhibitor
action 2241]
zAfirlukast: Antagonist
of lipoxygenase
zIlueton: Inhibitor
of LT receptor
Beta-1 vs Beta-2 receptor
location 34]
"You have 1 heart and 2
lungs":
Beta-1 are therefore
primarily on heart.
Beta-2 primarily on lungs.
Respiratory depression inducing
drugs 1980]
"STOP breathing":
Sedatives and hypnotics
Trimethoprim
Opiates
Polymyxins
Ribavirin: indications 2101]
RIBAvirin:
RSV
Influenza B
Arenaviruses (Lassa, Bolivian, etc.)
TB: antibiotics used 1581]
STRIPE:
STreptomycin
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrizinamide
Ethambutol
Zafirlukast, Montelukast, Cinalukast:
mechanism, usage 648]
"Zafir-luk-ast,
Monte-luk-ast, Cina-luk-ast":
_ Anti-Lukotrienes for Asthma.
_ Dazzle your oral examiner: Zafirlukast
antagonizes leukotriene-4.
Teratogenic drugs: major
non-antibiotics 1433]
TAP CAP:
Thalidomide
Androgens
Progestins
Corticosteroids
Aspirin & indomethacin
Phenytoin
Tetracycline: teratogenicity 876]
TEtracycline is a
TEratogen that causes staining of
TEeth in the newborn.
Antirheumatic agents (disease
modifying): members 2035]
CHAMP:
Cyclophosphamide
Hydroxycloroquine and choloroquinine
Auranofin and other gold compounds
Methotrexate
Penicillamine
Auranofin, aurothioglucose: category
and indication 2036]
Aurum is latin for "gold"
(gold's chemical symbol is Au).
Generic Aur- drugs (Auranofin, Aurothioglucose)
are gold compounds.
_ If didn't learn yet that gold's
indication is rheumatoid arthritis, AUR- Acts Upon Rheumatoid.
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