Side Effects
Side Effects
Phenobarbitone: side effects Children are annoying (hyperkinesia,
irritability, insomnia, aggression).
Adults are dosy (sedation, dizziness, drowsiness).
hallucinogen intoxication
D- distorted (blurred) vision
I – incoordination
S sweating
t- tachycardia
o – opening (dilation) of the pupil
r – racing heart (palpitations)
t – tremor
Opioids: effects BAD AMERICANS:
Bradycardia & hypotension
Anorexia
Diminished pupilary size
Analgesics
Miosis
Euphoria
Respiratory depression
Increased smooth muscle activity (biliary tract constriction)
Constipation
Ameliorate cough reflex
Nausea and vomiting
Sedations
Opiates: overdose findings "Cool to the touch, unresponsive
to pain,
Hunger diminished, and scars over vein.
Pupils pinpointed, and blood pressure low,
Urine diminished, and breathing is slow."
Nitrofurantoin: major side effects NitroFurAntoin:
Neuropathy (peripheral neuropathy)
Fibrosis (pulmonary fibrosis)
Anemia (hemolytic anemia)
Corticosteroids: adverse side effects CUSHINGS BAD MD:
Cataracts
Up all night (sleep disturbances)
Suppression of HPA axis
Hypertension/ buffalo Hump
Infections
Necrosis (avascular)
Gain weight
Striae
Bone loss (osteoporosis)
Acne
Diabetes
Myopathy, moon faces
Depression and emotional changes
Tricyclic antidipressents (TCA): side effects TCA'S:
Thrombocytopenia
Cardiac (arrhymia, MI, stroke)
Anticholinergic (tachycardia, urinary retention, etc)
Seizures
Serious Complications of Oral Birth Control Pills
A – abdominal pain
C – chest pain
H – headache
E – eye problems
S – severe leg pain
Nicotinic effects MTWTF (days of week):
Mydriasis/ Muscle cramps
Tachycardia
Weakness
Twitching
Hypertension/ Hyperglycemia
Fasiculation
morphine: side-effects morphine:
myosis
out of it (sedation)
respiratory depression
pneumonia (aspiration)
hypotension
infrequency (constipation, urinary retention)
nausea
emesis
anticholinergic side effects
"know the abcd's of anticholinergic side effects":
anorexia
blurry vision
constipation/ confusion
dry mouth
sedation/ stasis of urine
aspirin: side effects aspirin:
asthma
salicyalism
peptic ulcer disease/ phosphorylation-oxidation uncoupling/ pph/ platelet disaggregation/ premature closure of pda
intestinal blood loss
reye's syndrome
idiosyncracy
noise (tinnitus)
ssris: side effects ssri:
serotonin syndrome
stimulate cns
reproductive disfunctions in male
insomnia
cholinergics (eg organophosphates): effects
if you know these, you will be "less dumb":
lacrimation
excitation of nicotinic synapses
salivation
sweating
diarrhea
urination
micturition
bronchoconstriction
Lithium: side effects LITHIUM:
Leukocytes Increased (leukocytosis)
Tremors
Hypothyroidism
Increased Urine
Moms beware (teratogenic)
Pitocin side effects:
Pressure is elevated
Intake and output
Tetanic contractions (if >90sec, stop the pitocin!)
Oxygen decreased in fetus
Ccardiac dysrhythmias
Irregular FHR
Nausea and vomiting
Sulfonamide: major side effects · Sulfonamide side
effects:
Steven-Johnson syndrome
Skin rash
Solubility low (causes crystalluria)
Serum albumin displaced (causes newborn kernicterus and potentiation of
other serum albumin-binders like warfarin)
Phenytoin: adverse effects PHENYTOIN:
P-450 interactions
Hirsutism
Enlarged gums
Nystagmus
Yellow-browning of skin
Teratogenicity
Osteomalacia
Interference with B12 metabolism (hence anemia)
Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache
Respiratory depression inducing drugs "STOP
breathing":
Sedatives and hypnotics
Trimethoprim
Opiates
Polymyxins
steroids is "The 5 S’s" — sick, sad, sex, salt and sugar
Methyldopa: side effects METHYLDOPA:
Mental retardation
Electrolyte imbalance
Tolerance
Headache/ Hepatotoxicity
psYcological upset
Lactation in female
Dry mouth
Oedema
Parkinsonism
Anaemia (haemolytic)
Captopril (an ACE inhibitor): side effects CAPTOPRIL:
Cough
Angioedema/ Agranulocystosis
Proteinuria/ Potassium excess
Taste changes
Orthostatic hypotension
Pregnancy contraindication/ Pancreatitis/ Pressure drop
(first dose hypertension)
Renal failure (and renal artery stenosis contraindication)/ Rash
Indomethacin inhibition
Leukopenia/ Liver toxicity
K+ increasing agents K-BANK:
K-sparing diuretic
Beta blocker
ACEI
NSAID
Ksupplement
Treatments
"MONA," which represents the steps of the stat treatment of a myocardial infarction — morphine sulfate, oxygen, nitroglycerin and aspirin.
"UNLOAD FAST," which is for the treatment of congestive heart failure — upright sitting, nitroglycerin, Lasix, oxygen, aminophylline, digoxin, fluids (decrease), afterload (decrease), sodium (decrease) and tests (digoxin level, arterial blood gas, potassium).
Hypertension: treatment ABCD:
ACE inhibitors/ AngII antagonists (sometimes Alpha agonists
also)
Beta blockers
Calcium antagonists
Diuretics (sometimes vasoDilators also)
MAOIs: indications MAOI'S:
Melancholic [classic name for atypical depression]
Anxiety
Obesity disorders [anorexia, bulemia]
Imagined illnesses [hypochondria]
Social phobias
· Listed in decreasing order of importance.
· Note MAOI is inside MelAnchOlIc.
Diuretics: thiazides: indications "CHIC to use
thiazides":
CHF
Hypertension
Insipidous
Calcium calculil
Misc.
beta-1 vs beta-2 receptor location "you have 1 heart and 2 lungs":
beta-1 are therefore primarily on heart. beta-2 primarily on lungs.
narcotic antagonists
the narcotic antagonists are naloxone and naltrexone. · important clinically to treat narcotic overdose
Parasympathetic vs. sympathetic neurotransmitters "No
sympathy for a Pair of Aces":
Norepinephren is secreted in by the Sympathetic nervous system
while Acetylcholine is secreted in the Parasympathetic nervous
system.
Insulin: mixing regular insulin and NPH "Not Ready, Ready Now":
Air into NPH, Air into Regular, Draw up Regular, Draw up NPH
Lead poisoning: presentation ABCDEFG:
Anemia
Basophilic stripping
Colicky pain
Diarrhea
Encephalopathy
Foot drop
Gum (lead line)
Diuretics: groups "Leak Over The CAN":
Loop diuretics
Osmotics
Thiazides
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Aldosterone inhibitors
Na (sodium) channel blockers
· Note: "leak" is slang for urination and "can" is slang for a toilet.
Cocaine: cardiovascular effect COcaine causes blood vessels to
COnstrict (unlike other local anesthetics which cause vasodilation).
Phenobarbitone: side effects Children are annoying (hyperkinesia,
irritability, insomnia, aggression).
Adults are dosy (sedation, dizziness, drowsiness).
hallucinogen intoxication
D- distorted (blurred) vision
I – incoordination
S sweating
t- tachycardia
o – opening (dilation) of the pupil
r – racing heart (palpitations)
t – tremor
Opioids: effects BAD AMERICANS:
Bradycardia & hypotension
Anorexia
Diminished pupilary size
Analgesics
Miosis
Euphoria
Respiratory depression
Increased smooth muscle activity (biliary tract constriction)
Constipation
Ameliorate cough reflex
Nausea and vomiting
Sedations
Opiates: overdose findings "Cool to the touch, unresponsive
to pain,
Hunger diminished, and scars over vein.
Pupils pinpointed, and blood pressure low,
Urine diminished, and breathing is slow."
Nitrofurantoin: major side effects NitroFurAntoin:
Neuropathy (peripheral neuropathy)
Fibrosis (pulmonary fibrosis)
Anemia (hemolytic anemia)
Corticosteroids: adverse side effects CUSHINGS BAD MD:
Cataracts
Up all night (sleep disturbances)
Suppression of HPA axis
Hypertension/ buffalo Hump
Infections
Necrosis (avascular)
Gain weight
Striae
Bone loss (osteoporosis)
Acne
Diabetes
Myopathy, moon faces
Depression and emotional changes
Tricyclic antidipressents (TCA): side effects TCA'S:
Thrombocytopenia
Cardiac (arrhymia, MI, stroke)
Anticholinergic (tachycardia, urinary retention, etc)
Seizures
Serious Complications of Oral Birth Control Pills
A – abdominal pain
C – chest pain
H – headache
E – eye problems
S – severe leg pain
Nicotinic effects MTWTF (days of week):
Mydriasis/ Muscle cramps
Tachycardia
Weakness
Twitching
Hypertension/ Hyperglycemia
Fasiculation
morphine: side-effects morphine:
myosis
out of it (sedation)
respiratory depression
pneumonia (aspiration)
hypotension
infrequency (constipation, urinary retention)
nausea
emesis
anticholinergic side effects
"know the abcd's of anticholinergic side effects":
anorexia
blurry vision
constipation/ confusion
dry mouth
sedation/ stasis of urine
aspirin: side effects aspirin:
asthma
salicyalism
peptic ulcer disease/ phosphorylation-oxidation uncoupling/ pph/ platelet disaggregation/ premature closure of pda
intestinal blood loss
reye's syndrome
idiosyncracy
noise (tinnitus)
ssris: side effects ssri:
serotonin syndrome
stimulate cns
reproductive disfunctions in male
insomnia
cholinergics (eg organophosphates): effects
if you know these, you will be "less dumb":
lacrimation
excitation of nicotinic synapses
salivation
sweating
diarrhea
urination
micturition
bronchoconstriction
Lithium: side effects LITHIUM:
Leukocytes Increased (leukocytosis)
Tremors
Hypothyroidism
Increased Urine
Moms beware (teratogenic)
Pitocin side effects:
Pressure is elevated
Intake and output
Tetanic contractions (if >90sec, stop the pitocin!)
Oxygen decreased in fetus
Ccardiac dysrhythmias
Irregular FHR
Nausea and vomiting
Sulfonamide: major side effects · Sulfonamide side
effects:
Steven-Johnson syndrome
Skin rash
Solubility low (causes crystalluria)
Serum albumin displaced (causes newborn kernicterus and potentiation of
other serum albumin-binders like warfarin)
Phenytoin: adverse effects PHENYTOIN:
P-450 interactions
Hirsutism
Enlarged gums
Nystagmus
Yellow-browning of skin
Teratogenicity
Osteomalacia
Interference with B12 metabolism (hence anemia)
Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache
Respiratory depression inducing drugs "STOP
breathing":
Sedatives and hypnotics
Trimethoprim
Opiates
Polymyxins
steroids is "The 5 S’s" — sick, sad, sex, salt and sugar
Methyldopa: side effects METHYLDOPA:
Mental retardation
Electrolyte imbalance
Tolerance
Headache/ Hepatotoxicity
psYcological upset
Lactation in female
Dry mouth
Oedema
Parkinsonism
Anaemia (haemolytic)
Captopril (an ACE inhibitor): side effects CAPTOPRIL:
Cough
Angioedema/ Agranulocystosis
Proteinuria/ Potassium excess
Taste changes
Orthostatic hypotension
Pregnancy contraindication/ Pancreatitis/ Pressure drop
(first dose hypertension)
Renal failure (and renal artery stenosis contraindication)/ Rash
Indomethacin inhibition
Leukopenia/ Liver toxicity
K+ increasing agents K-BANK:
K-sparing diuretic
Beta blocker
ACEI
NSAID
Ksupplement
Treatments
"MONA," which represents the steps of the stat treatment of a myocardial infarction — morphine sulfate, oxygen, nitroglycerin and aspirin.
"UNLOAD FAST," which is for the treatment of congestive heart failure — upright sitting, nitroglycerin, Lasix, oxygen, aminophylline, digoxin, fluids (decrease), afterload (decrease), sodium (decrease) and tests (digoxin level, arterial blood gas, potassium).
Hypertension: treatment ABCD:
ACE inhibitors/ AngII antagonists (sometimes Alpha agonists
also)
Beta blockers
Calcium antagonists
Diuretics (sometimes vasoDilators also)
MAOIs: indications MAOI'S:
Melancholic [classic name for atypical depression]
Anxiety
Obesity disorders [anorexia, bulemia]
Imagined illnesses [hypochondria]
Social phobias
· Listed in decreasing order of importance.
· Note MAOI is inside MelAnchOlIc.
Diuretics: thiazides: indications "CHIC to use
thiazides":
CHF
Hypertension
Insipidous
Calcium calculil
Misc.
beta-1 vs beta-2 receptor location "you have 1 heart and 2 lungs":
beta-1 are therefore primarily on heart. beta-2 primarily on lungs.
narcotic antagonists
the narcotic antagonists are naloxone and naltrexone. · important clinically to treat narcotic overdose
Parasympathetic vs. sympathetic neurotransmitters "No
sympathy for a Pair of Aces":
Norepinephren is secreted in by the Sympathetic nervous system
while Acetylcholine is secreted in the Parasympathetic nervous
system.
Insulin: mixing regular insulin and NPH "Not Ready, Ready Now":
Air into NPH, Air into Regular, Draw up Regular, Draw up NPH
Lead poisoning: presentation ABCDEFG:
Anemia
Basophilic stripping
Colicky pain
Diarrhea
Encephalopathy
Foot drop
Gum (lead line)
Diuretics: groups "Leak Over The CAN":
Loop diuretics
Osmotics
Thiazides
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Aldosterone inhibitors
Na (sodium) channel blockers
· Note: "leak" is slang for urination and "can" is slang for a toilet.
Cocaine: cardiovascular effect COcaine causes blood vessels to
COnstrict (unlike other local anesthetics which cause vasodilation).
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